Sensor For Detection Research Articles

Multi-Purpose Tracker Robot

Abstract: This paper introduces a multi-purpose tracking robot designed with Arduino, ultrasonic, infrared sensors, and motor drivers. The robot is capable of performing diverse tasks such as obstacle avoidance, line following, and object tracking. Its hardware comprises an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, infrared sensors for line detection and obstacle avoidance, and motor drivers for controlling DC motors. The software, developed using Arduino IDE, includes algorithms for sensor data processing, decision-making logic, and motor control. By implementing PID control algorithms, the robot achieves enhanced stability and accuracy in navigation tasks like motor speed control and line following. Experimental results validate its effectiveness in various scenarios, showcasing its potential for advanced robotics and automation applications through intelligent sensor integration and control strategies.

Ultrasensitive and specific photoelectrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide detection based on pillar[5]arene-functionalized Au nanoparticles and MWNTs hybrid BiOBr heterojunction.

A photoelectrochemical sensor for target detection of hydrogen peroxide was designed based on a new heterojunction nanocomposite which was sulfhydryl-borate ester-modified A1/B1-type pillar[5]arene (BP5)-functionalized Au NPs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybridized with bismuth bromide oxide (Au@BP5/MWNTs-BiOBr). The specific sensor was based on the direct induction of oxidation by hydrogen peroxide of the borate ester group of pillar[5]arene. Additionally, the local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Au NPs enhanced visible light capture, the host-guest complexation of BP5 with H2O2 enhanced photocurrent response, the layer-by-layer stacked nanoflower structure of BiOBr provided large specific surface area with more active sites, and the conductivity of MWNTs enhanced the charge separation efficiency and significantly improves the stability of PEC. Their synthesis effect significantly increased the photocurrent signal and further enhanced the detection result. Under the optimal conditions, the linear concentration range of H2O2 detected by the Au@BP5/MWNTs-BiOBr sensor was from 1 to 60pmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.333pmol/L and 1pmol/L, respectively, and the sensitivity was 6.471pmol/L. Importantly, the PEC sensor has good stability, reproducibility, and interference resistance and can be used for the detection of hydrogen peroxide in real cells.

Symmetrical Ligand's Fabricated Porous Silicon Surface Based Photoluminescence Sensor for Metal Detection and Entrapment.

This study was based on the development of surface-based photoluminescence sensor for metal detection, quantification, and sample purification employing the solid sensory chip having the capability of metal entrapment. The Co(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) sensitive fluorescence sensor (TP) was first synthesized and characterized its sensing abilities towards tested metal ions by using fluorescence spectral investigation while the synthesis and complexation of the receptor was confirmed by the chromogenic, optical, spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Under optical investigation, the ligand solution exhibited substantial chromogenic changes as well as spectral variations upon reacting with copper, cobalt, and mercuric ions, while these behaviors were not seen for the rest of tested metallic ions i.e., Na+, Ag+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pd2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, and Al3+. These colorimetric alterations and spectral shifting could potentially be employed to detect and quantify these specific metal ions. After the establishment of the ligand's selective complexation ability towards selected metals, it was fabricated over the substituted porous silicon surface (FPS) keeping in view of the development of surface-based photoluminescence sensor (TP-FPS) for the selected metal sensation and entrapment to purify the sample just be putting off the metal entrapped sensory solid chip. Surface characterization and ligand fabrication was inspected by plan and cross sectional electron microscopic investigations, vibrational and electronic spectral analysis. The sensitivity of the ligand (TP) in the solution phase metal discrimination was determined by employing the fluorescence titration analysis of the ligand solution after progressive induction of Co2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, which afford the detection limit values of 2.14 × 10- 8, 3.47 × 10- 8 and 3.13 × 10- 3, respectively. Concurrently, photoluminescence titration of the surface fabricated sensor (TP-FPS) revealed detection limit values of 3.14 × 10- 9, 7.43 × 10- 9, and 8.21 × 10- 4, respectively, for the selected metal ions.

Recent Progress in Folic Acid Detection Based on Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Sensors: A Review.

Folic acid (FA) is a water-soluble vitamin found in diverse natural sources and is crucial for preserving human health. The risk of health issues due to FA deficiency underscores the need for a straightforward and sensitive FA detection methodology. Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant attention owing to their exceptional fluorescence performance, biocompatibility, and easy accessibility. Consequently, numerous research studies have concentrated on developing advanced CD fluorescent probes to enable swift and precise FA detection. Despite these efforts, there is still a requirement for a thorough overview of the efficient synthesis of CDs and their practical applications in FA detection to further promote the widespread use of CDs. This review paper focuses on the practical applications of CD sensors for FA detection. It begins with an in-depth introduction to FA and CDs. Following that, based on various synthetic approaches, the prepared CDs are classified into diverse detection methods, such as single sensing, visual detection, and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, persistent challenges and potential avenues are highlighted for future research to provide valuable insights into crafting effective CDs and detecting FA.

High-Precision Capacitive Displacement Sensor for Gravitational Wave Detection: Sensitive Probe Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization

High-Precision Capacitive Displacement Sensor for Gravitational Wave Detection: Sensitive Probe Modeling, Analysis, and Optimization

Position and Intensity Sensing of a Large-Area Tactile Sensor for Hands-on Detection in Conditional Autonomous Driving

Position and Intensity Sensing of a Large-Area Tactile Sensor for Hands-on Detection in Conditional Autonomous Driving

Liquid‐Metal‐Based Soft Pressure Sensor and Multidirectional Detection by Machine Learning

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) is an emerging technology with promising applications in various fields, including human–machine interfaces, prosthetics, and robotics. Soft and flexible sensors are vital components for the e‐skin that can mimic human skin's sensing capabilities. Among soft sensors, liquid‐metal‐based sensors have gained attention owing to their unique properties, such as high electrical conductivity, stretchability, and elasticity. Herein, a novel approach is presented that enables multidirectional pressure sensing with a machine‐learning approach from the transient response of the liquid‐metal‐based soft pressure sensor for the e‐skins. In this study, a soft sensor is developed that utilizes liquid metal and has an array of microchannels on a dome‐shaped structure to detect pressures from multiple directions. The transient response from six microchannels of the sensor is used as the input for a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the direction (classification accuracy of 99.1%) and magnitude (regression error of 20.13%) of the applied pressures in real time. Finally, a potential application of the developed liquid‐metal‐based soft sensor as a human–machine interface device is demonstrated by using it to control an RC model car through multidirectional predictions (pressure direction and magnitude) through machine learning in real time.

Optimal Design and Development of Magnetic Field Detection Sensor for AC Power Cable

The state detection of power cables is very important to ensure the reliability of the power supply. Traditional sensors are mostly based on electric field detection. The operation is complex, and its efficiency needs to be improved. This paper optimizes the design and development of the magnetic field detection sensor for AC power cables. First, through the establishment of the magnetic field sensor model, it is determined that permalloy is the material of the magnetic core, the optimal aspect ratio of the magnetic core is 20, and the ratio of coil length to core length is 0.3. Second, the coil-simulation model is established, and it is determined that the optimal number of turns of the coil is 11,000 turns, the diameter of the enameled copper wire is 0.08 mm, and the equivalent magnetic field noise of the sensor is 0.06 pT. Finally, the amplifying circuit based on negative magnetic flux feedback is designed, the sensor is assembled, and the experimental circuit is built for the sensitivity test. The results show that the sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor is 327.6 mV/μT. The sensor designed in this paper has the advantages of small size, high sensitivity, ease of carry, and high reliability.

Home Automation System

The world is rapidly moving towards automation as people have less time to handle all the work that needs to be done. Automation is an easy solution to control any product or machine to suit our needs. This article presents the development and implementation of a new home automation system unit using Arduino Nano as the main processing unit. The system integrates multiple sensors such as passive infrared (PIR) sensors for motion detection, gas sensors for monitoring gas issues, temperature sensors for detecting temperature changes, and light sensors for monitoring ambient light, as well as Bluetooth modules for seamless wireless communication and monitoring capabilities. The primary objective of this research is to create a smart and flexible home automation solution that enhances comfort, security, and energy efficiency.

Design and Development of a Split Ring Resonator and Circular Disc Metasurface Based Graphene/Gold Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Illicit Drugs Detection

Design and Development of a Split Ring Resonator and Circular Disc Metasurface Based Graphene/Gold Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Illicit Drugs Detection

A Miniature Liquid Flowmeter Using All-Fiber Fabry–Perot Cavity for Real-Time Measurement

A miniature and highly sensitive fiber-optic liquid flowmeter based on Fabry–Perot interferometry (FPI) is proposed and demonstrated for fluid-flow micro-channel testing. The diaphragm deformation and pressure of the proposed sensor for flow rate detection are obtained from numerical and finite element method simulations of the theoretical model. The FPI flowmeter can be applied in real time to measure the ultra-wide dynamic range from 0 mL/min to 90 mL/min, with a response time of hundreds of milliseconds, controlling the flow rate with a resolution of 1.08 mL/min, which is 1.2% of the full scale. The quadratic functional relation between dip wavelength shifts and flow rates is verified by the flow calibration curves of the FPI flowmeter under dynamic pressure conditions. In addition, the effective temperature compensation is realized by connecting an FBG temperature sensor for variable temperature flow detection, and the measured error is reduced by nearly 25-times. The proposed sensor has the potential to measure the liquid flow rate in various applications.

Xanthan gum‐toughened hydrogel for durable strain and pressure sensors

AbstractIonic conductive hydrogels have caught much attention for serving as wearable sensors, however, most hydrogel sensors are difficult to be used for repeated sensing due to low toughness and poor self‐recovery. Here, tough and self‐recovery hydrogels are constructed by introducing xanthan gum into poly(acrylamide‐co‐trimethyl ammonium chloride) (P(Am‐DMC)) hydrogel network. Xanthan gum can bind with P(Am‐DMC) chains via hydrogen bonds and the carboxyl group from xanthan gum generates electrostatic interaction with DMC, thus improving the mechanical toughness and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, the hydrogel is highly sensitive to mechanical deformation and presents durability for repeated stretching or compression, which can be designed as a wearable sensor for human motion detection. It is anticipated that the successful design of xanthan gum‐toughened hydrogel can broaden the application range of hydrogels.

Poly3‐hexylthiophene titanium dioxide (P3HT‐TiO2) composite sensor for high response detection of ammonia at room temperature

Gas sensors for ammonia (NH3) play a crucial role in the maintenance of air quality, preservation of the atmosphere, and evaluation of human health. However, the endeavor to attain a high level of sensitivity in detecting NH3 under ambient conditions remains a challenging task. In this work, poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s and titanium dioxide (P3HT‐TiO2) heterostructure NH3 gas‐sensitive material was prepared, and by drop‐casting the material onto a substrate with Au interdigital electrodes, a sensor for high‐response detection of NH3 at room temperature was constructed. The designed gas sensor exhibited a high response signal of 114.61% toward 15 ppm NH3 at room temperature (25°C) with good reproducibility, strong long‐term stability, and excellent selectivity. Moreover, by analyzing the response law of the sensor under different humidity conditions, it has been noted that both excessively high and excessively low levels of humidity adversely affect the sensor’s response. The remarkable increase in NH3 sensing properties is attributed to the synergistic enhancement effect of P‐N heterojunction formed between P3HT and TiO2. This NH3 gas sensor exhibits tremendous potential for use due to its straightforward structure and outstanding ammonia sensing performance.

Cu-MOF/Aptamer/Magnetic Bead Sensor for Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers HER2 and ER

Cu-MOF/Aptamer/Magnetic Bead Sensor for Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers HER2 and ER

Development of SiO2/rGO from Rice Husk for Photocatalysis, Antioxidant, Electrochemical and Green Sensor Detection Studies

Development of SiO2/rGO from Rice Husk for Photocatalysis, Antioxidant, Electrochemical and Green Sensor Detection Studies

Bimetallic Fe/Co nanoalloy embedded in porous carbon as electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen detection

Bimetallic Fe/Co nanoalloy embedded in porous carbon as electrochemical sensor for acetaminophen detection

Direct Identification of Complex Glycans via a Highly Sensitive Engineered Nanopore.

The crucial roles that glycans play in biological systems are determined by their structures. However, the analysis of glycan structures still has numerous bottlenecks due to their inherent complexities. The nanopore technology has emerged as a powerful sensor for DNA sequencing and peptide detection. This has a significant impact on the development of a related research area. Currently, nanopores are beginning to be applied for the detection of simple glycans, but the analysis of complex glycans by this technology is still challenging. Here, we designed an engineered α-hemolysin nanopore M113R/T115A to achieve the sensing of complex glycans at micromolar concentrations and under label-free conditions. By extracting characteristic features to depict a three-dimensional (3D) scatter plot, glycans with different numbers of functional groups, various chain lengths ranging from disaccharide to decasaccharide, and distinct glycosidic linkages could be distinguished. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show different behaviors of glycans with β1,3- or β1,4-glycosidic bonds in nanopores. More importantly, the designed nanopore system permitted the discrimination of each glycan isomer with different lengths in a mixture with a separation ratio of over 0.9. This work represents a proof-of-concept demonstration that complex glycans can be analyzed using nanopore sequencing technology.

A PCF Sensor Design Using Biocompatible PDMS for Biosensing

A novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor for refractive index detection based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is presented in this research, as well as designs for single-channel and dual-channel structures for this PDMS-PCF sensor. The proposed structures can be used to develop sensors with biocompatible polymers. The performance of the single-channel PDMS-PCF sensor was studied, and it was found that adjusting parameters such as pore diameter, lattice constant, distance between the D-shaped structure and the fiber core, and the radius of gold nanoparticles can optimize the sensor’s performance. The findings indicate that the detection range of the single-channel photonic crystal is 1.21–1.27. The maximum wavelength sensitivity is 10,000 nm/RIU with a resolution of 1×10−5 RIU, which is gained when the refractive index is set to 1.27. Based on the results of the single-channel PCF, a dual-channel PDMS-PCF sensor is designed. The refractive index detection range of the proposed sensor is 1.2–1.28. The proposed sensor has a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 13,000 nm/RIU and a maximum resolution of 7.69×10−6 RIU at a refractive index of 1.28. The designed PDMS-PCF holds tremendous potential for applications in the analysis and detection of substances in the human body in the future.

Suppression of Multi-Harmonic Currents in the High-Speed Magnetically Suspended Motor Based on Adaptive Cascaded Notch Filters with Variable Phase Angle

Rotor imbalance is identified as one of the predominant vibration sources in high-speed magnetically suspended motors. Due to factors such as rotor machining accuracy errors and uneven material distribution, synchronous vibration interference is caused. Moreover, sensor runout generates harmonic currents, which are attributed to material irregularities and inhomogeneity in the roundness of the sensor detection surface. Harmonic currents can generate harmonic vibrational forces that are transmitted to the motor housing, jeopardizing control accuracy and the device’s operational lifespan. In order to achieve real-time reduction of harmonic currents at specified frequencies and improve the accuracy of harmonic suppression, this paper proposes an algorithm for variable phase angle filtering of an adaptive cascaded mode notch filter. This paper performed dynamic modeling and analysis of the magnetically suspended rotor system with rotor imbalance and verified the correctness of the dynamic model. Subsequently, the structure of an adaptive notch filter with variable phase angle is introduced, highlighting the capability to maintain stability by adjusting the compensatory phase of the system. By comparing the harmonic current suppression performance of cascaded and parallel mode notch filters, the cascaded method can better enhance the overall frequency selectivity, emphasizing its ability to adjust the compensation phase based on the phase angle of the input signal at different frequencies to maintain system stability. Simulation and experimental results show that harmonic currents can be successfully suppressed in the cascade mode, and the amplitude of the synchronous frequency current is reduced by 94.4[Formula: see text].

Nanoplasmonic Affinity Analysis System for Molecular Screening Based on Bright‐Field Imaging

AbstractConsidering the improved detection of biological analytes for affinity analysis is highly desirable, a metasurface plasmon resonance (Meta‐SPR)‐based imaging system, incorporating a localized SPR sensing platform with different microfluidic systems and employing simple bright‐field imaging, is established in this study. This system enables low‐level analyte concentration analysis, ranging from 100 pm to 100 nm, with the real‐time removal of nonspecific binding signals within the same device field of view. Combined with microfluidic systems and microdroplet spotting, it is possible to automatically measure the kinetic curves of a sample at ten concentration gradients or detect the specific responses of multiple samples in a single experiment simultaneously. This system can inexpensively and conveniently achieve complex detection functions, demonstrating an innovative breakthrough in sensor detection.